Medical+History

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As early as 400 BC the bark from the willow tree has been used as a pain reliever. It was known by 19th century scientists that salicylic acid was what makes it work. Also they knew that the salicylic acid irritates the lining of the mouth and stomach. Hoffman synthesized acetyl salicylic acid developing what is now known as the most widely used medicine today.====== Landsteiner discovered there were several different types of human blood, and that they were not compatable with eachother. This blood typing would later lead to the ability of blood transfusions. This discovery will continue to save millions of lives. In 1930 Landsteiner recieved the Nobel prize in physiology for his discovery of human blood groups. Dr. White specializes in the heart and its functions. He is one of the first people to use the electrocardiograph, discovering its potential as a diagnostic tool. It was an accidental discovery made while discarding old petri dishes. Fleming noticed some mold seeming to kill off bacteria. Several expiriments later he had proven that the penicillin in mold fought off bacteria while not damaging wounds. He shares the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine with two other scientists. In his early years of study, Zoll was very interested in the effects of electrical stimulation on the heart. He made crucial discoveries that lead to his biggest discovery, the cardiac pacemaker. This device allowed the control of an irregular heartbeat, resulting in the salvation of millions of lives. The patient lived 18 days after the transplant, the cause of death was pneumonia. Transplants were sucessful before this but it was not human to human, and the recipient only lived 70 minutes. Barnard was raised in Africa, and that was the location where the transplant was performed. Dolly the sheep is the product of this expiriment. She lived until the age of six, dying of lung disease. Since the cloning of Dolly many other large animals have been sucessfully cloned. Humans however have many issues against cloning, debating if it is ethically acceptable.
 * 1901- Landsteiner established the ABO-system based on the haemagglutination of blood.**
 * 1913- Dr. Paul Dudley White becomes one of America's first cardiologists.**
 * 1928- Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish bacteriologist, discovers penicillin.**
 * 1962- Paul Zoll develops the first cardiac pacemaker.**
 * 1967- The first sucessful human to human heart transplant was performed by Christiaan Barnard.**
 * 1996- First clone produced from an adult animal cell.**